Chapter 9

The main homeland of Islam was in Arabia which was in between the Byzantine Empire and the Sassanid Empire which were remnants of the Roman and Persian Empires. The biggest city in Arabia was Mecca which is the capital for Islam today. The biggest and most known figure for the spread of Islam was Muhammad. Around 610 C.E. Muhammad's revelations began a 20 year period where all his actions and ideas became the Quran the core and teachings of the Islamic faith. The religion centered around Allah which was their representation of god a single being that is all powerful and almighty, and Muhammad was the messenger of God. The Quran was viewed as a corrective to new religions such as Christianity and Jews but also as a pure religion that people could follow. The Pillars of Islam were the 5 requirements of every believer that had to be followed. The first pillar was that there is no god but God and Muhammad is the messenger of God, the second was ritual prayer that was to be done 5 times a day, the third was to give to support the poor, the 4th was a month of fasting for Ramadan, and the 5th was a pilgrimage to Mecca. Muhammad and his followers were kicked out of Mecca which led to the creation of a stronger more dominant Islamic religion.  Islam became the biggest religion to rival Christianity during that time period as Muhammad was spreading the word. Muhammad was different from other seminal thinkers like Jesus and Buddah because he was also a political and military leader to help with the spread of Islam. With the rise of Islam came a unifying of the Arabian country and a powerful religious force. After the rise of the Arab empire came the conquering of the other major empires as they were able to conquer land from Spain to India as far as Central Asia. Being a conquered citizen was not as bad as other empires as people were not forced to convert to Islam. There were just incentives put into place to push toward conversion and when converted people did not have to pay the Jizya which was the non-Muslim tax.
Men had authority over women who were seen as inferior and subordinate.











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